psychology and learning Essay -- essays research papers

There be many different kinds of ways that people and animals learn. People can adjust the way they learn to the different situations in which they are eruditeness and what they have to learn. One form of learning is known as condition. Conditioning emphasises the relationship between stimuli and responses. The two types of conditioning found are absolute conditioning and Operant conditioning. Learning may occur in different ways. Psychologists have distinguished between different types of learning, these being Observational Learning and sagacity Learning. spotless conditioning refers to a simple form of learning, which occurs through the repeated association of two or more different stimuli. Learning is only state to have occurred once a particular stimulus always produces a response which it did not previously produce. Classical conditioning involves an congenital stimulus and an unin condition(p) response, as well as a learn stimulus and a conditioned response. The uncondit ioned stimulus is any stimulus, which consistently produces a naturally occurring, self-winding response. The unconditioned response is a reflexive and involuntary response, which occurs as a result of the unconditioned stimulus. The conditioned stimulus is the stimulus that is neutral at the fount of the conditioning process and does not produce the unconditioned response. But through repeated association with the conditioned stimulus, triggers the same response as the unconditioned stimulus. The conditioned response is the learned response that is brought forth by the conditioned stimulus. The conditioned response occurs after the conditioned stimulus has been confederated with the unconditioned stimulus. An example of classical conditioning is when a person walks past a certain house each day and every time is attacked by a large dog. They then associate that house with the dog and avoid walking past there again. In this example the unconditioned stimulus is the dog, the uncon ditioned response is fear, the conditioned stimulus is the house, and the conditioned response is avoidance of the house.Operant conditioning is the learning process in which the likelihood of a particular behavior occurring is determined by the consequences of that behavior. It is based on the assumption that a person or animal will tend to re... ...ng it long enough to moot the banana. After many futile attempts to reach the banana with his hands, the Chimp then tried other solutions, which included using each stick independently to reach the banana. Failing once again the chimp sit down down with the two sticks in his hands, appearing as though he had given up. But then, seeing that both sticks could be put together to get up one long stick (insightful experience), the Chimpanzee placed the small stick a little way inside of the larger one and was able to reach the banana and pull it toward himself. There are many differences and similarities between each of these learning p rocesses. For example, classical conditioning involves only involuntary or reflex responses where as operant conditioning involves both involuntary and voluntary reflexes. These different learning processes can be used independently in many different situations. Where Classical conditioning may be more effective in one situation it may be useless in another. For this reason each of these learning processes, Classical and operant conditioning, and observational and insight learning are each as important and effective as the other.